For composite restorations with less than 0.5 mm remaining dentin thickness, what is used?

• A. Liner
• B. Bonding agent
• C. Liner, base, and bonding agent
• D. Sealer

Answer: (C)

When the remaining dentin thickness is very small (less than 0.5 mm), a protective and bonding stack is used: a liner to seal dentin tubules and shield the pulp, a base to provide thermal insulation and mechanical support, and a bonding agent to ensure durable adhesion between the dentin and the composite. This combination addresses pulpal protection, structural support, and strong bonding in a deeply prepared cavity. Using only a liner or only a bonding agent wouldn’t give the necessary insulation or reinforcement, and a sealer isn’t the appropriate choice for this restoration scenario.